Copper and lead separation method
Floatability chalcopyrite and galena similar copper minerals and the like, usually in the treatment of copper ores lead-zinc, copper often lead concentrate preferably mixed, and then the separation of copper and lead.
There are also two schemes for copper and lead separation, such as floating copper, lead and copper. The traditional solution is to use a weight of chromium potassium inhibition galena, chalcopyrite flotation; using cyanide or suppress flotation chalcopyrite and galena. Since both of these schemes have environmental pollution problems, in recent years, countries have carried out extensive research on cyanide-free and chromium-free or less cyanide-less chromium, and have achieved great results. According to incomplete statistics, China in dealing with complex sulphide ores, does not use cyanide in mineral processing plant about 60%, using a small amount of cyanide (such as 10g / t) and still use cyanide processing plant each accounted for 20%, but These concentrators are moving toward cyanide-free or chromate-free, and the copper-lead separation methods used in several production practices are:
(1) Oxygen and sulfur method. In fact, only SO 2 or sulfite combined with various inhibitors to form a combination of agents to inhibit galena flotation of chalcopyrite. The feature is galena it strong inhibition, but there is a certain activation of chalcopyrite, does not dissolve the precious metals.
The combination of inhibitors included in the oxygen-sulfur method is:
1SO 2 (or sulfurous acid) + starch;
2 sulfurous acid + sodium sulfide;
â‘¢ ferric chloride + sodium thiosulfate;
4 sodium carbonate + ferrous sulfate.
(2) Cyanide method. Although cyanide is toxic, it has a good separation effect and is still used. In order to reduce the amount of cyanide, it is often used in combination with other inhibitors.
(3) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) + waterglass (or sodium pyrophosphate) method. A mine uses CMC and water glass according to the mass ratio of 1:100 mixture or CMC and sodium pyrophosphate to separate the copper-lead mixed concentrate by the mass ratio of 1:10, and achieved good indicators.
The main metal minerals of the mine are galena, iron sphalerite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and so on. The ore contains Pb1.82%, Zn2.36%, Cu0.1~0.15%, S5%, Fe10~15%. Copper-lead mixed flotation process, copper-lead separation water glass (200g / t) + CMC (10g / t) lead-free float copper, copper concentrate containing Cu21.36%, recovery rate of 45.83%; lead concentrate containing Pb68.48%, the recovery rate of 87.2% of the indicator. The tailings after copper-lead mixed flotation were added with copper sulfate to select zinc. The zinc concentrate contained 46.8% Zn and the recovery rate was 88.64%.
Practice shows that CMC has a better inhibitory effect on lead ore, but it also has a greater impact on the floatation of copper minerals. The inhibition of copper glass on the other side is weak, and the impact on copper minerals is small, copper recovery The rate is higher. According to the characteristics of these two agents, the mixed action acts as an inhibitor of galena, and plays the role of two kinds of agents, realizing the separation of copper and lead. [next]
(4) Heating method This is a method to eliminate pollution, improve process indicators, and gradually develop. The Cu-Pb mixed concentrate is first heated to about 60 °C with steam. In the acidic and neutral pulp, the floatability of the chalcopyrite is improved and the galena is suppressed. There is no need to add other chemicals during the sorting process. The obtained copper concentrate has high grade and low Pb and Zn. It can reduce environmental pollution because it does not need to be added with chemicals. The mechanism of heating and sorting is considered to selectively desorb the surface of galena. The collector and make its surface oxygen hydrophilic.
In addition to the warming separation without dosing, there is also a warm separation of the inhibitor. For example, when a copper or lead mixed concentrate of a concentrator is separated, steam is used to warm the slurry, and Na 2 CrO 4 is also added as an inhibitor. The control conditions are: temperature 60 ° C, pH = 7.5 ~ 8. Na 2 CrO 4 1.5 kg/t.
2. Separation method selection
Several separation methods have been briefly described above. When choosing a method, you should consider the following aspects:
(1) Mineral composition. The mineral composition in the copper-lead mixed concentrate is the main basis for the separation method. In the case of galena, if it is not activated or surface oxidized, it is easily inhibited by dichromate or sulfite, and activated by copper ions, and the suppression effect is even worse. There are many types of copper minerals, galena and chalcopyrite, or separation from porphyrite and arsenic bismuth ore. Cyanide-based agents can be used; galena and chalcopyrite can be used.
(2) Copper to lead ratio in mixed concentrates. From the point of view of reducing the number of floating, the copper-lead ratio is worth considering. When Cu/Pb is relatively large, there are many methods for using copper to suppress lead floatation; when Cu/Pb is relatively small, there are many methods for suppressing lead and floating copper. This is because “suppressing more and less floating†can reduce the inclusion of foam products and get better process indicators.
(3) The selection plan should be comprehensively considered from the aspects of process index, environmental protection and economic cost. In recent years, many factories and mines have changed the original cyanide method to other methods, such as steam heating method, sulfurous acid. Law and so on. However, it is not in all cases that the application of cyanide is rejected. At least at present, the separation of mixed concentrate containing porphyrite is still better for cyanide.
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