According to the action: collector , foaming agent, adjusting agent three categories.
According to the structure: ionic, non-ionic polar and non-polar oils.
Most of the ionic types are heteropolar substances, and commonly used are xanthate, fatty acid and amine R-NH 2 . Characteristics: It is easily dissociated into ions in water, and the polar group - O (SSNa, -COOH, -NH 2 ) acts on the mineral surface, while the non-polar group R- acts as a hydrophobic.
The ionic type is divided into cation, anion, and amphoteric dissociation into two kinds of ions, hexadecylamine diacetate.
Non-ionic - polysulfide, sulphate does not dissociate, but has polarity (molecular structure asymmetry)
Non-polar oil; gas, coal, diesel, heavy oil, transformer oil, etc., and minerals are physical adsorption.
Uniform structure The entire molecule is non-polar insoluble and does not dissociate. On the mineral particles, the molecular force adsorbs a thick oil film (hydrophobic) to improve the mineral floatability.
Ion collector
First, xanthate: yellow crystalline powder, easy to dissolve water, smelly, toxic. Easy to deliquesce, easy to decompose in case of acid. (used in alkaline) can be burned to avoid contact with water and air. It is divided into low-grade, advanced, and modified xanthate.
Capture copper , lead , zinc sulfide ore, pyrite , ore. (After vulcanization), it is sometimes used in combination with a hydrocarbon oil such as molybdenum ore.
Second, aerofloat: dihydroxydiphenyl thio phosphate (RO) 2 PSSH (Me)
Cresol black medicine (25 # , 30 # ): dark green oil is insoluble in water and has a foul smell, foaming and corrosive skin.
ADDP: off-white, soluble in water, non-corrosive, non-odor, stability is not deteriorated, the force catching xanthate below, but the selectivity is good, there is foaming, a sulfur-containing iron selected from copper, All silver minerals.
Third, anionic carboxylic acid collectors: fatty acids and other types, hydrocarbyl sulfate hydrocarbyl sulfonates.
Anion end with an oxygen atom, a metal cation through an oxygen atom mineral action of gold, surface-hydrophobicized film surface is formed from collector role. Poor selectivity, the longer the insoluble carbon chain, the stronger the trapping power, but the more difficult it is to dissolve, the emulsifier is often used for heating, or kerosene is added, and 12~~18 carbon is commonly used.
For the recovery of oxidized ore, calcite , fluorite , barite , hematite, lead oxide zinc ore, cassiterite , malachite and so on.
(1) Hydroxy acid and other compounds of the formula RCOOH (Na) have oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid at 12 or more. The most common is oleic acid C 17 H 33 COOH (Na) made from soybean oil. Substitutes - Tal oil in the waste liquid of the paper industry, oxidation of by-products of the petroleum industry into oxide wax soap, iron tower + oxygen stone (1:3)
(2) Toluic acid: yellow-white powder, toxic, foaming, cassiterite, wolframite
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∕ ∕ OH
CH 3 - AS - O is arsenic toxic and is not currently produced.
    ∕ OH
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(3) Hydroxamic acid and sodium salt
White to yellow, waxy solid, soluble in hot water, toxic and decomposed by heat. Mainly used for sorting copper oxide, iron, titanium, iron, cassiterite, scheelite, rare earth ore.
4. Cationic collector amines: mainly capture minerals such as silicates, porphyrites, feldspars , mica , carbonate minerals, smithsonite, potassium salts , quartz, etc. The cations of the molecules dissolved in water interact with the mineral surface to make the mineral hydrophobic, which is divided into (primary, secondary, tertiary, amine); dodecyl first amine (primary amine) C 12 H 25 NH 2 . Mixed amine (refers to a mixture of amines with a carbon atom of 12-20)
The amine dissociates in water, and the molecular state is high when the base is high. Difficult to dissolve into a strong ammonium salt RNH 2 + HCl - RNH 3 Cl
RNH 3 Cl - RNH 3 + +Cl -
The amine cation acts on the surface of the mineral to form a hydrophobic surface. It has strong foaming and often scrapes a large pot. [next]
Non-ionic collector
Sulfuric acid ester is commonly known as Z-200 collector. It is an oily liquid with a special odor and good dispersibility. The dosage is lower than that of xanthate. The selectivity is better than that of xanthate, especially for the iron sulfide. Therefore, it is often used for the preferential flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite, and sometimes also for the separation of zinc and sulfur.
Non-polar oil: kerosene, tar, transformer oil, etc.
The whole non-polarity has no polarity and is basically hydrophobic, and oil droplets spread on the surface of the mineral to improve the floatability of the mineral surface. Can only be used for strong hydrophobic minerals, graphite , molybdenum, coal, natural sulfur .
Sometimes solvents such as fatty acids are used as insoluble agents.
Foaming agent
Its function is to disperse air in the slurry and form a stable bubble layer, two liquid and liquid foams, and a gas-liquid solid three-phase foam.
Flotation requires that the bubbles be large but not too strong. It is too small to be broken, and it is too strong to scrape out and it is difficult to transport. Difficulties in settlement.
It is a surface active substance such as a hydrocarbon group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group.
a, 2 # oil buttery flammable, containing olefinic acid C 10 H 17 OH50% or more
b heavy pyridine, dark brown oily liquid, in addition to foaming and capture C 5 H 5 N 9 quinoline C 9 H 7 N and derivatives
c methyl pentanol MIBC methyl isobutyl methanol (used abroad)
d, Dofroth
Conditioner
Change the nature of the mineral surface, and adjust the flotation conditions to facilitate mineral sorting, basically divided into three categories, inhibitors: activators and medium regulators
I. Inhibitor: An agent that reduces the floatability of minerals. Inhibition is diverse
1. Make minerals form a hydrophilic membrane to prevent or reduce the adsorption of the collector. The weight of chromium potassium suppression lead, lead chromate film generated. Pyrite plus lime forms a thin film of iron hydroxide.
2. The agent forms a colloidal film on the surface to suppress the formation of hydrophilic colloidal particles. Zinc sulfate - sphalerite, sodium silicate - silicates, aluminosilicates. Starch, carboxymethyl - for graphite, mica, iron, etc.
3. Remove active ions from mineral surfaces or solutions to make the minerals difficult to float. The active xanthate film is dissolved with cyanide, and calcium is inhibited by soda to suppress quartz. Commonly used inhibitors are zinc sulfate, cyanide, lime, water glass, sodium sulfide, potassium complex potassium, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, sulfite, sulfur dioxide and the like.
2. Activator: The film which makes the mineral surface energy and the collector act to enhance the hydrophobicity and improve the floatability.
1) activation of metal ions copper activated sphalerite; calcium activated quartz
2) Vulcanization (white lead ore, malachite, high solubility), difficult to float, and formed by vulcanization film (blackening) by Na 2 S to enhance hydrophobicity and easy to be collected by xanthate.
3) Activation of acid, sulfuric acid activation of pyrite inhibited by lime.
Eliminate the oxide film that hinders the capture and adsorption.
Commonly used activators are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, copper sulfate, sodium sulfide, and the like.
Third, the medium adjuster: adjust the nature of the flotation medium, causing the interaction between the agent and the mineral and the conditions required for the flotation process.
Adjusted content: PH value, activity of the drug, and elimination of harmful ions. Dispersion and agglomeration of slime.
The pH value has a great influence on flotation. The critical pH of common mineral flotation is: galena 10.4, pyrite 10.5, chalcopyrite 11.8, activated sphalerite 13.3, chalcopyrite 14. (Yellow medicine 70 - 100 g / ton)
Fatty acids dissociate a large amount of active fatty acid ions in alkaline, and the amines are completely dissociated in acidity. Xanthate is easily decomposed in acidity and is only used in alkaline.
The addition of Na 2 S and Na 2 CO 3 eliminates the inevitable harmful ions.
Add water glass, carboxymethyl cellulose to disperse the mineral mud to improve the quality of the concentrate. Such as the choice of flocculant, iron flocculation flotation.
Commonly used adjusting agents are lime, sodium carbonate, acid, water glass, NaOH, etc., and the amount should not be too large. Too big to have an inhibitory effect.
Commonly used adjusting agents are lime, sodium carbonate, acid, water glass, NaOH, etc., and the amount should not be too large. Too big to have an inhibitory effect.
It is applied to cotton yarn, woolen yarn, acrylic yarn and other blended yarns.
Features:
1. The machine is a double sides and single layer with convenient operation, reasonable transmission, compact construction and attractive appearance;
2. The perdurable stability of high quality spindle at the high-speed operation;
3. Two-step drive device make the force-enduring reasonable and the range of false twisting more wider;
4. The winding tension can be adjusted on the pre-take-up roller, therefore, it is also applied to winding of loose dyeing;
5. Pedal-braking system is more easy to operate, and the longevity of apron belt and spindle will prolong at the same time;
6. The bobbin bank will lift automatically when winding up and end breaking which can avoid the abrasion of fiber.
Short Fiber Two-for-one Twisting Machine
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