With the development of industrial and agricultural products, the types of aluminum and aluminum products are increasing, and the varieties are becoming more and more perfect. The classification of aluminum products is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Aluminum product classification
Variety | Thickness / mm | Width/mm | Length / mm | standard |
Aluminum and aluminum alloy hot-rolled sheet Aluminum and aluminum alloy tread plates Dial decorative aluminum alloy plate Aluminum and aluminum alloy corrugated board Aluminum alloy plate for brazing Ordinary strip Industrial pure aluminum foil Power organic capacitor foil Aluminum alloy foil Refined aluminum foil Electrolytic capacitor aluminum foil | 50~150 5~150 0.3 to 0.6 0.6~1.0 0.8 to 4.0 0.2 to 1.5 0.006～0.030 0.06~0.0116 0.030～0.200 0.030～0.200 | 1000～2500 1000～2500 1000～1500 1115～10000 1000～1600 60~2300 40~1000 40~1000 40~1000 Roll width 20 ~ 1300 40~1000 | 2000～10000 2000～5000 2000～10000 2000～10000 | GB193-82 GB3618-89 GB8544-87 GB3198-82 GB3616-91 GB10570-89 GB3614-83 GB3614-83 GB10570-83 GB3615-83 |
The products listed in Table 1 are all produced by rolling method. The production methods of other products are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Production methods of other aluminum products
Variety | production methods |
Aluminum and aluminum alloy extrusion rods | extrusion |
High-strength aluminum alloy extrusion rod | extrusion |
Aluminum and aluminum alloy wire for welding rod | Pull |
Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials for rivets | Pull |
Conductive aluminum wire | Pull |
Aluminum and aluminum alloy hot extrusion tube | Hot squeeze |
Spinning seamless aluminum tube | Spinning |
Industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy rolling tubes | Rolling |
Aluminum powder | Powder metallurgy |
Aluminum forgings | Forging |
Aluminum casting | Casting |
DI can | Deep drawing |
Take the United States as an example, its technical and economic indicators are shown in Table 3:
Table 3 Technical and economic indicators of American aluminum products
Hot rolled sheet product rate: | 75% to 90% (from the ingot) |
Cold rolled sheet yield: | 51% to 72% (from the ingot) |
Skinboard: | 50% |
Foil yield: | 70% to 75% (rolled from 0.75 to 0.007) |
Sheet and strip labor productivity: | (1979) 450t / (person · a) (1981) 650t / (person · a) |
Extrusion product yield: | Positive extrusion product: 90% Anti-extrusion products: 93% to 96% |
In 2002, the average melting casting yield of China's aluminum industry enterprises was 92.53%, the finished product rate was 73.99%, the comprehensive processing rate of aluminum processed materials was 69.87%, the aluminum processing metal consumption was 1047.03kg/t, and the comprehensive power consumption was 1620.14kW·h/t. Energy consumption is 1164.41kg/t. For the production of pure aluminum series and soft alloy series aluminum plate and foil, the processing rate of aluminum plate strip processing by domestic advanced enterprises is about 80%, the average level enterprise can reach about 75%, and the backward level enterprises are 60%~70%. According to the variety, hot rolled plate: 80% ~ 85%, cold rolled plate: 70%, skin board: 23%, foil yield: 58% ~ 59% (0.007mm), 62% ~ 63% (0.02 Mm).
At present, aluminum processing enterprises in developed countries have greatly improved labor productivity by adopting high-efficiency equipment and organizing specialized production. Japan's light metal company Nagoya rolling mill per capita capacity of 142.86t / a; Japan's East China Sea aluminum foil factory per capita labor productivity of 72t / a; US Guspond aluminum sheet rolling plant per capita labor productivity of 250t / a. The labor productivity of some large aluminum processing enterprises in China in 2000 is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Labor productivity of some large aluminum processing enterprises in China
project | Year-end staff/person | Production capacity /t·a -1 | Actual output / t | Per capita capacity / t·a -1 | Labor productivity/t·(人·a) -1 |
Huabei Aluminum Company Northeast Light Alloy Company Southwest Aluminum Company Northwest Aluminum Processing Factory | 1927 10369 8567 4186 | 40000 82540 210000 53760 | 39654 46760 110545 14009 | 20.76 7.96 24.51 12.84 | 20.95 4.51 12.90 3.35 |
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