On September 8, the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China issued a circular on the special inspection of subsidies for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, and named five typical enterprises that were seriously defrauded.
Nearly seven months after the investigation was launched, the list of fraudulent investigation reports and fraudulent companies was finally partially disclosed, and only the five companies disclosed had a fraud amount of more than 1 billion yuan.
A more detailed "criminal list" confirmed by the authorities has also surfaced. According to the list, 72 of the 93 companies surveyed have fraudulent and illegal activities, involving subsidies of 9.27 billion. yuan.
If this full version of the fraudulent list is true, it means that nearly one-third of the funds allocated by the central government to finance new energy vehicles are taken.
Judging from the information released by the Ministry of Finance, the scale of fraudulent compensation is beyond the expectations of the outside world. There is a saying in the industry that after the fraudulent investigation report was reported to the State Council, Premier Li Keqiang personally instructed the investigation.
At the same time, Zhang Weiying, Lin Yifu and other well-known economists have "controversy". This time the focus is on the "controversial policy" that has been controversial. Zhang Weiying slammed "industrial policy from ignorance to shamelessness", while Lin Yifu believes that "economic development has Industrial policy can be successful."
The industry and academic circles predict that with the opportunity of rectification of new energy vehicle subsidies, the central government will adjust the direction of industrial policies, which may affect the success or failure of this round of China's economic transformation and upgrading.
Fraud investigation
The new energy automobile industry is a strategic emerging industry identified in mainland China. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments issued policies and measures to support the promotion and application of new energy vehicles and the construction of charging infrastructure, encouraging enterprises to produce, sell and purchase. new energy vehicles.
Since 2009, the central government has subsidized the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. By the end of 2015, the central government has allocated a total of 33.435 billion yuan of subsidies.
This has prompted China's new energy vehicles to usher in explosive growth. In 2009, China's new energy vehicles sold less than 500 vehicles; in 2015, new energy vehicles produced a total of 497,000 vehicles and sold about 440,000 vehicles. China has become the country with the largest number of new energy vehicles in the world. According to the statistics of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, from January to July 2016, new energy vehicles produced and sold 215,000 vehicles and 207,000 vehicles, which continued to surge by 119.8% and 122.8% year-on-year.
Taking Yutong Bus as an example, in 2015, it completed the sales of 67,018 passenger cars, achieving a net profit of 3.535 billion yuan attributable to owners of the parent company. However, Yutong received a subsidy of 68.5565 million yuan for new energy vehicles from the state and local governments. This means that if the government subsidies are deducted, Yutong Bus will actually lose money in 2015.
At the same time, electric vehicle manufacturers "cheat up" has become an industry secret, and industry competition has become a "subsidy battle."
"The subsidy for electric vehicles is very strong. A subsidy for an electric vehicle in Beijing is about 100,000 yuan, accounting for about 40% of the total price of the car. As a result, the power of corporate fraud is very strong, and all the mud, regardless of the ability to manufacture electric vehicles. Enterprises have entered." Associate Professor Feng Liguo from the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences told Phoenix Weekly.
According to media reports from the Ministry of Finance of China, there are currently 169 new energy vehicle manufacturers in mainland China. With sales of 380,000 vehicles in 2015, the average sales volume per company was only 1,953, of which only 100 or even dozens were excluded. A company that sells goods. A Japanese company sells as many as 150,000 new energy vehicles a year.
Among the market share of new energy vehicles, small and micro electric vehicles with low development costs and low technical content account for 66%, and new high-tech electric vehicles account for less than 20%.
According to a survey by Xinhuaxin, the top two deciding factors for nearly 80% of car buyers choosing new energy vehicles are: license discounts and government subsidies, while energy conservation and environmental protection are at the end; among the determinants of brand and model selection, the subsidy amount In the first place, as for the power consumption of 100 kilometers, consumers generally do not care.
Not only that, because the central and local financial subsidies are basically placed on the sales of the whole vehicle, the construction of charging piles and charging stations has been lame.
It can be seen that the original intention of financial subsidies for new energy vehicles has not been realized. Car companies and consumers and other parties have become dependent on subsidies.
On January 20, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Development and Reform Commission announced the launch of a new energy vehicle fraud investigation. Special inspections were carried out on 90 major new energy vehicle manufacturers, involving a total of 401,000 new energy vehicles that have been and have been declared central financial subsidies in 2013-2015, and a random inspection of the operation of 133,000 new energy vehicles sold. status.
In April, the General Office of the State Council formed an inspection team to defraud the investigation and upgrade. For the first time, the new energy vehicle fraud has become an important topic of the State Council executive meeting.
In the first half of the year, three surveys were organized at the national level.
During the period, according to the Lu Media report, Liu, the general manager of BYD Auto Nanjing Shangdi Store, died of his own death. It is rumored that the manager left a suicide note that suicide is related to new energy fraud. Wu Jin, the general manager of Suzhou Jinlong, passed away. It is also reported that he committed suicide by jumping off the building.
On July 6, the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Symposium" hosted by Vice Premier Ma Kai of the State Council was held in Xi'an. The attendees were from the State Council and the central bank, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and other 10 ministries and commissions, 28 new energy vehicles focused on promoting provincial and municipal officials, and senior representatives of major new energy vehicles.
At the meeting, Xiao Yaqing, director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, read the main contents of the inspector's report. The report admitted for the first time that there are indeed fraudulent and illegal schemes. There are three main ways: First, the vehicle does not meet the promotion standards or even the production, and the license is obtained by defrauding the subsidy; second, the vehicle meets the requirements, but it is sold to the affiliated enterprise instead of the end user, and the subsidy condition is not met to obtain the subsidy in advance; To the end user, but after a subsidy, a lot of idle.
According to the Ministry of Finance's notification, the treatment of five typical enterprises includes: canceling the qualifications of their central financial subsidies, recovering all the central financial subsidies that were pre-approved in 2015, and canceling their vehicle production qualifications. Other issues found during the inspection will be handled in accordance with the law according to the circumstances.
However, some insiders believe that the above treatment is suspected of “avoiding the weight and being lightâ€. In fact, after the completion of the fraudulent investigation report, due to the multi-interest interest, it was delayed.
In order to complete the plan and report the subsidy indicators as soon as possible, some local governments and public transport companies will use the “violation†means to “promote and applyâ€, and these numbers will not be applied at all or the number of applications will not reach the reported number.
Local governments, application units, and automakers are in a triangular relationship in the subsidy payment chain. Whether it is the application unit usage quantity declaration, the vehicle enterprise subsidy application, or the Ministry of Finance subsidy, the local government is at the core.
How should the subsidy system be improved?
"It is necessary to carry out comprehensive and profound reflections, rather than simply handling a few enterprises." Shi Yaodong, deputy minister of the Ministry of Industry and Economy of the Development Research Center of the State Council, told the reporter.
In his view, this incident clearly exposed regulatory loopholes. In the process of policy implementation, the government often pays attention to the approval of pre-admission, but there is a lack of supervision in the event and afterwards. "You can't give up the money and you're done."
It is reported that the length of the car body is 6-8 meters, which is a new energy vehicle to remedy the hardest hit areas. In 2013-2015, China did not set strict vehicle parameters for the promotion of bus passengers in this field, which is the actual cruising range of vehicles. New energy buses that meet the 6-8 meter range can enjoy a subsidy of 300,000 yuan from the state and local governments as long as the battery is installed.
Shi Yaodong suggested using modern technology to supervise all aspects of vehicle production, delivery, use and subsidies, and accept supervision from the whole society. “Subsidy funds come from taxpayers and must be supervised by taxpayers.â€
Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the problem of defrauding new energy vehicles must be deducted.
This will obviously create a great shock to the industry. However, considering the universality of fraudulent compensation, recovery may be a high-policy administrative act. “The recovery of subsidies may not have a high cost of cracking down on fraud. However, cracking down on fraud can bring employment opportunities to law enforcement agencies. Feng Liguo said that it may be more important to make up for it.
Song Qiuling, deputy director of the Department of Economic Construction of the Ministry of Finance, publicly stated that "in the subsidy policy, the Ministry of Finance will establish a selection and elimination mechanism to raise the technical threshold and strengthen the positive incentive effect of subsidy policies on promoting technological progress."
Zhang Lianqi, a member of the Internal Control Committee of the Ministry of Finance, told reporters that the subsidy for new energy vehicles should be? Production side changed? Consumers, to avoid manufacturers in the case of unsold, fraudulent, rent-seeking. The original subsidies for home appliances to the countryside also experienced a transition from the producer to the consumer.
In fact, the Ministry of Finance of China has planned to implement a subsidy policy for new energy vehicles “returning the slope†(the subsidy ratio is lowered year by year).
Last year, the Ministry of Finance issued a subsidy policy. The subsidy standard for new energy vehicles in 2017-2018 was 20% lower than that in 2016, and 40% from 2019 to 2020. After 2020, the subsidy policy was withdrawn.
On September 8, Tianjin issued a local document. This year, the purchase of new energy vehicles will receive a state subsidy of 45,000 yuan and a subsidy of 45,000 yuan. Next year, the state subsidy will be 20%, the Tianjin subsidy will be 70%, and the subsidy will be reduced to 61,200 yuan.
“With the gradual reduction of subsidies, companies can be forced to focus on R&D and market rather than relying on subsidies,†Shi Yaodong explained.
He also suggested that the support policy for new energy vehicles should be more yuan, non-financial subsidies such as carbon emission points, fuel consumption points, operating subsidies, road rights, infrastructure promotion and so on. “Do you have a high level of capital and capacity standards for Internet companies? In fact, they can work around, such as the OEM model.â€
According to the California Zero Emissions Vehicle Act, automotive companies must have a certain percentage of zero-emission or partially zero-emission vehicles in their sales vehicles. Different models can receive different points. Companies that do not meet the standards are fined $5,000 per point. In addition to paying the fine, the non-standard manufacturers can also deduct the points from the surplus of the qualified manufacturers, and the purchase price is agreed by both parties. “ Tesla does not make money itself, and point trading is an important profit point.â€
Li Gang, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced another feasible form of subsidy to the reporter: the government issued “innovation vouchers†to enterprises, which is actually another form of “currencyâ€. Enterprises can use this with universities. Collaborate with research institutions to complete innovative activities.
Since 2004, “Innovation Voucher†has been widely promoted in Europe, including more than ten countries including Italy and the Netherlands, which have successively issued “innovation vouchers†policies to support the innovative development of SMEs. The Netherlands has a wealth of experience in this regard. “The 'inventory coupon' can only be used to purchase innovative services, and the government’s investment in other uses can be avoided.â€
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