Tantalum and Niobium smelter design (engineering design of tantalum and niobium plant )
Tantalum niobium concentrate as raw material, decomposition, extraction, crystallization, reduction and refining processes, rare metal smelter design and production of tantalum and niobium metal compound products. The main design areas include: 钽铌 compound workshop design and bismuth metal workshop design. Production of tantalum and niobium products of the main raw material iron ore is tantalum, niobium, iron, tantalum and niobium-containing tin slag. The main raw material for the production of antimony products is pyrochlore (yelite).
A brief history In the 1920s, the United States first began producing cockroaches. The separation process is complicated, the cost is high, and the early development is slow. In the 1940s, the application of tantalum capacitors and niobium superalloys was developed. In the 1950s, the development of the capacitor-grade tantalum powder technology by the extraction method and the sodium reduction method laid the foundation for the development of the tantalum industry. At the end of the 1970s, the world's consumption was 1400-1500t, and the enthalpy was 1000-1200t. By the end of the 1980s, the quality of tantalum powder, especially the performance of specific capacitance, increased to 1000-1200t, and the amount of tantalum reached 1600-1800t. In the early 1960s, China began trial production of antimony oxides, strontium metal powders and strips. In 1965, NiBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) extraction method, sodium reduction method and carbon reduction method were used to design and build Ningxia Nonferrous Metal Smelting Plant. In 1966, Baotou Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. built a test plant for the production of antimony oxide and antimony iron by using the slag-containing slag. In 1968, the chestnut tin mine was built with bismuth-containing slag as a raw material to build a bismuth oxide production plant. In the mid-1970s, China had five smelters. At the end of the 1980s, the production capacity of base metal reached 100t.
Product solutions are mainly used in the electronics industry, cemented carbide, chemical and high temperature materials. Niobium is mainly used in superalloys, niobium iron, low alloy niobium steel, reactors and superconducting materials. Bismuth (铌) oxides are used in the production of optical glass, monolithic capacitors, filters, piezoelectric ceramics, and the like. The general products include bismuth powder, bar, ingot, strontium carbide, potassium fluoroantimonate, strontium oxide, antimony pentachloride and lithium niobate ; bismuth products include bismuth powder, bar, ingot, strontium carbide, potassium fluoroantimonate, Antimony oxide and lithium niobate.
Process selection depends primarily on raw material and product quality requirements. Taking the antimony concentrate as raw material, the main process of producing antimony process is shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. The production of antimony compounds includes hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid decomposing concentrates, methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK) extraction, fluorination crystallization, and ammonia precipitation. The main products are potassium fluoroantimonate, cerium oxide and cerium oxide. Early processes such as alkali fusion, chlorination separation, and fractional crystallization were gradually eliminated due to long process, low production efficiency, high cost, and difficulty in obtaining pure compounds. The base metal production process includes a sodium heat reduction method, a carbothermal reduction method, and a molten salt electrolysis method. Capacitor grade tantalum powder is mainly prepared by sodium reduction of potassium fluoroantimonate and high vacuum melting purification. The carbon reduction method mainly produces niobium carbide and tantalum. Molten salt electrolysis mainly produces metallurgical grade tantalum powder. Helium hypochlorite reduction technology is used in Germany to produce ultra-fine ultra-high specific capacitance tantalum powder. Production and niobium oxide pyrochlore produced by aluminothermic crude niobium, high temperature treatment and then by dealumination and pure niobium ingot produced by electron bombardment of the refining process is short, but expensive equipment for large niobium plant. The purification of base metals mainly includes remelting method, electron bombardment melting method and zone melting method. The cockroach is strong and the arc smelting method is less. The antimony-containing slag-rich slag technology includes an electric furnace carbothermal reduction method, an acid treatment enrichment method, and a chlorination separation method. The workshop consists of a bismuth compound workshop (including extraction, crystallization, precipitation, drying, calcination) and a bismuth metal workshop (including carbonization, reduction, milling, refining), and sometimes an enrichment workshop to handle low grade 钽铌Tin slag, enriched with sputum.
Technical characteristics The antimony ore contains radioactive elements and produces radioactive emissions during the production process. The choice of site must fully consider the impact of environmental pollution and the discharge conditions after the “three wastes†treatment; the plant layout must fully consider the plutonium compound workshop to the plant area. environmental impact. The base metal refining equipment is expensive, and a set of equipment is used to produce product designs of various varieties of metals (such as tungsten, molybdenum , zirconium , hafnium, etc.), which can fully utilize the equipment production capacity and improve economic benefits.
The main technical and economic indicators using ferroniobium concentrate to produce 10,000 ~ 15000μfv / g tantalum powder and ≥ 99% purlins of the main unit consumption indicators are shown in the table. The direct yield of the production of strontium powder is 81.5% to 83.5%, the total recovery is 86% to 88%; the direct yield of the production of crepe is 84% ​​to 86%, and the total recovery is 87% to 89%.
Power Trowel,Power Trowel Machine,Concrete Trowel Machine,Trowel Machine
Shandong Storike Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.storikemachinery.com