Aluminum Alloy 7075 is a high-strength material widely used in aerospace and other high-performance applications. It contains approximately 5.6–6.1% zinc, 2.1–2.5% magnesium, 1.2–1.6% copper, and trace amounts of silicon, iron, manganese, titanium, chromium, and other elements. This alloy is available in various tempers, such as 7075-0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T651, each offering different mechanical properties.
As a zinc-rich aluminum alloy, 7075 provides excellent strength, ductility, and toughness. However, due to microsegregation, it can be more brittle than some other alloys. Despite this, it offers better corrosion resistance compared to the 2000 series. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for structural components in aircraft and other critical engineering systems.
The T6 temper of 7075 is achieved through a heat treatment process that includes solution heat treatment at around 450°C, followed by quenching and aging at 120°C for 24 hours. This results in peak strength with an ultimate tensile strength ranging from 510–540 MPa (74,000–78,000 psi) and a yield strength of at least 430–480 MPa (63,000–69,000 psi). The elongation at break typically falls between 5–11%, depending on the thickness and processing method.
Another common temper is T651, which is similar to T6 but includes stress relief to reduce residual stresses. This temper is often used in thicker plates or structural components. T651 7075 has a slightly higher ultimate tensile strength of 570 MPa (83,000 psi) and a yield strength of 500 MPa (73,000 psi), with elongation at break ranging from 3–9%. Thicker sections may show reduced strength and ductility compared to thinner ones.
|
Material |
Temper |
Thickness (in) |
Tensile Strength (ksi) |
Yield Strength (ksi) |
Elongation % |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T6 Bare |
0.125 - 0.25 |
78 |
69 |
8 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Bare |
0.25 - 0.50 |
78 |
67 |
9 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Bare |
0.5 - 1.0 |
78 |
68 |
7 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T6 Clad |
0.188 - 0.25 |
75 |
64 |
8 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Clad |
0.25 - 0.50 |
75 |
65 |
9 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Clad |
0.5 - 1.00 |
78 |
68 |
7 |
Typical Physical Properties
|
Characteristic |
English |
Metric |
|
Nominal Density (68° F / 20°C) |
0.101 lbs./ in³ |
2.80 Mg/m³ |
|
Melting Range |
990° F - 1175° F |
532°C - 635°C |
|
Specific Heat (212°F / 100°C) |
0.23 BTU/lb - °F |
960 J/kg-°K |
When working with 7075 aluminum, it's important to consider its machinability, weldability, and formability. While it offers high strength, it can be more challenging to machine and weld compared to softer alloys. Proper techniques and tools are essential to maintain its integrity and performance. Whether you're designing aircraft parts, automotive components, or industrial structures, 7075 is a reliable choice when the application demands high strength and durability.
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