Aluminum Alloy 7075 is a high-strength aluminum alloy that is widely used in aerospace and structural applications due to its excellent mechanical properties. The main alloying element is zinc, with typical composition including approximately 5.6–6.1% zinc, 2.1–2.5% magnesium, 1.2–1.6% copper, and small amounts of silicon, iron, manganese, titanium, chromium, and other elements. This alloy is available in various tempers such as 7075-0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T651, each offering different mechanical characteristics based on the heat treatment process.
7075 aluminum is known for its high strength, good ductility, toughness, and resistance to fatigue. However, it is more prone to embrittlement due to microsegregation compared to some other aluminum alloys. Despite this, it offers better corrosion resistance than 2000 series alloys. Its widespread use in aircraft components highlights its importance in high-stress environments where strength and reliability are critical.
The T6 temper of 7075 aluminum is achieved through a multi-step process: first, the material is homogenized at 450°C for several hours, followed by quenching and aging at 120°C for 24 hours. This results in peak strength, with an ultimate tensile strength ranging from 510 to 540 MPa (74,000 to 78,000 psi) and a yield strength of at least 430 to 480 MPa (63,000 to 69,000 psi). The elongation at break typically falls between 5% and 11%, depending on the thickness and form of the material.
Another common temper is T651, which is used for plates and sheets. This temper provides slightly higher tensile strength—around 570 MPa (83,000 psi)—and a yield strength of 500 MPa (73,000 psi), with elongation ranging from 3% to 9%. The T651 temper involves solution heat treatment, stress relief, and artificial aging. Stress relief is achieved by stretching the material, with the amount of stretch depending on the product type, such as sheet, plate, bar, or forging.
|
Material |
Temper |
Thickness (in) |
Tensile Strength (ksi) |
Yield Strength (ksi) |
Elongation % |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T6 Bare |
0.125 - 0.25 |
78 |
69 |
8 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Bare |
0.25 - 0.50 |
78 |
67 |
9 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Bare |
0.5 - 1.0 |
78 |
68 |
7 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T6 Clad |
0.188 - 0.25 |
75 |
64 |
8 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Clad |
0.25 - 0.50 |
75 |
65 |
9 |
|
Alloy 7075 Sheet |
T651 Clad |
0.5 - 1.00 |
78 |
68 |
7 |
Typical Physical Properties
|
Characteristic |
English |
Metric |
|
Nominal Density (68° F / 20°C) |
0.101 lbs./ in³ |
2.80 Mg/m³ |
|
Melting Range |
990° F - 1175° F |
532°C - 635°C |
|
Specific Heat (212 °F / 100°C) |
0.23 BTU/lb - °F |
960 J/kg-°K |
When working with 7075 aluminum, it's important to consider the effects of thickness on mechanical properties. Thicker sections may exhibit lower strength and elongation compared to thinner ones. Additionally, clad versions of 7075, which have a protective layer, offer improved corrosion resistance while maintaining high strength. Whether you're selecting material for aircraft parts, automotive components, or other high-performance applications, 7075 aluminum remains a top choice for its combination of strength, durability, and versatility.
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