The process of soil improvement is mainly divided into the soil preservation phase and the soil improvement phase. This article lists nine methods of soil improvement for your reference.
1. Rotate crops in a planned way:
Arrange different vegetables reasonably, and try to consider the family type, root depth, fertilizer absorption characteristics, and acidity and alkalinity of secretions of different vegetables.
2. Regular soil disinfection:
(1) Pharmacy Law. It can be sterilized by mixing soil with formalin or fumigating with sulfur powder.
(2) Daylight method. During the summer stubble period, remove the shed film, turn the soil deeply, and use the ultraviolet rays in the sun to sterilize.
(3) High temperature method. In the hot season, if the shed is filled with water, the soil can also be sterilized by ventilating heat and steam.
(4) Freezing method. In the severe winter, the unusable protective land is removed from the film and the soil is turned deeply to freeze the eggs of the diseased insects.
3. Improve soil texture:
(1) After the vegetables are harvested, turn the soil deeply to mix the surface and deep soil.
(2) Appropriately increase decomposed organic fertilizers to increase the content of soil organic matter.
(3) Soils with excessively high salt content or low pH of the topsoil can be replaced by fertile soil.
(4) Soilless cultivation can be carried out if the economic and technical conditions permit.
4. Discharge salt with water:
(1) When stubble is idle, irrigate large amounts of water and drench the salt accumulated in the topsoil to reduce the concentration of the soil solution.
(2) In summer, change the stubble of vegetables, remove the film and soak in the rain or flood it with flooding. The salt in the surface layer of the soil will be lost or leached into the deep layer of the soil with the rain.
5. Scientific fertilization:
â‘ Use chemical fertilizers rationally.
When applying chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to pay attention to the lack of fertilizer in the soil and crops. It is best to be able to do soil testing and fertilization, so that a more accurate input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be achieved.
â‘¡ Increase the input of organic fertilizers.
The fertility of the soil depends on the amount of organic matter in the soil. Applying organic fertilizer can supplement the soil organic matter. Organic fertilizers contain a large amount of organic matter and are a place where various microorganisms grow and breed. According to research, deep tillage combined with application of organic fertilizer, soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria nearly doubled compared with the control, fiber decomposing bacteria increased nearly 2 times, and other microbial communities also increased significantly, so applying organic fertilizer can greatly promote the maturation process of newly reclaimed land. Organic fertilizers have strong cation substitution ability, can absorb more potassium, ammonium, magnesium, zinc and other nutrients, prevent leaching and improve soil fertilizer capacity. In addition, organic fertilizer also has a strong buffering capacity, which can prevent soil acidity changes and soil compaction caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers, improve the soil's own stress resistance, and ensure a good soil ecological environment.
â‘¢ Apply beneficial biological bacteria fertilizer to the soil.
Through the life activities of microorganisms, the ion exchange frequency of the soil aggregate structure can be increased, and the relative quality of the soil can be reduced, thereby increasing the contact rate of crops and soil organic matter, and improving the soil structure. Secondly, microorganisms can form metabolism through life activities, thereby effectively absorbing the original harmful substances in the soil and forming a new microbial system; this can improve the soil environment and reduce soil pathogens.
â‘£ Increase the application of soil conditioners.
Practice has proved that long-term application of soil conditioners has a special effect on loosening soil, improving soil aggregate structure, and adjusting soil pH!
6. Kinds of salt-tolerant crops:
After vegetables are harvested, planting crops such as corn, sorghum, and cabbage with strong fertility can effectively reduce soil salt content and acidity. If the soil has salt accumulation or strong acidity, vegetables with strong salt tolerance such as spinach, celery, eggplant, etc. can be planted Or rape, water spinach, taro, etc., which are more acid-tolerant, to achieve the purpose of absorbing soil salt.
7. Method of digging and filling sand:
As the saying goes, "Paving sand on alkaline ground flourishes crops." For the land with severe salinity, it is best to dig pits according to the row spacing and plant spacing. The size of the pit is generally about 1000px×1000px×1000px (length×width×depth). After the saline soil in the pit is lifted out, it is filled with sandy soil. , And replant after watering.
8. Loosen the soil in time after irrigation:
Through this measure, the soil temperature can be increased, the soil can be loosened, the moisture content can be reduced and the water evaporation can be reduced, and the weeds that grow in early spring can be pressed underneath. This has a significant effect on reducing the death of trees and promoting the growth of young trees.
9. Cover the surface:
Appropriate use of waste organic matter or planting ground covered with plants can reduce water evaporation, inhibit soil back alkali, reduce ground runoff, and increase soil organic matter content. Covering materials are best taken locally, based on the principles of economy and applicability. Commonly used crops include straw, leaves, and bark.
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