Research on Slow-release Fertilizer for Agriculture to Solve the Contradiction between Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Shortage of Resources in China (2)

The coated slow-release primary fertilizer represents a groundbreaking innovation in the traditional blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) model. Centered around nitrogen, it uses specialized coating materials that have strong adhesion and film-forming properties to cover the surfaces of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. These coatings are applied as one or more layers onto the fertilizer granules, resulting in a product with key characteristics: "controlled nitrogen release, enhanced phosphorus efficiency, and prevention of potassium loss." Unlike conventional slow-release fertilizers that simply mix N, P, and K, this advanced formulation is tailored based on the specific nutrient needs of crops, soil testing, and customized fertilization plans. This approach not only improves the efficiency of individual nutrients but also significantly outperforms standard BB fertilizers. To further enhance fertilizer utilization, the research team developed a unique coating solution that acts as a carrier for the slow-release technology. This solution enables the membrane formation process under normal temperature and pressure, making it easy to incorporate additional components such as micronutrients, humic acid, and fertilizer synergists into the coating. This open and flexible system allows for continuous integration of new technologies and products, transforming the fertilizer into a versatile and long-lasting solution. In terms of production, the project introduced innovative techniques that support large-scale application. With the growing global trend toward high-efficiency, compound, specialized, and slow-release fertilizers, this product meets the demand for balanced nutrition throughout the crop's growth cycle. Designed for mechanized farming, the coated slow-release fertilizer features smooth particles, uniform size, no segregation, and resistance to moisture and clumping. The multifunctional fertilization equipment developed by the team revolutionizes traditional practices, shifting from surface application to deep sowing and reducing the number of applications per season. It promotes balanced fertilization, deep nutrient placement, improved drought resistance, water conservation, and simplified farming methods. The cost of this coated slow-release fertilizer is only 3% to 5% higher than that of standard mechanical mixing, which translates to an increase of about 50 to 80 yuan per ton. Its production can be achieved using existing compound fertilizer equipment, requiring minimal reconfiguration. A production line capable of manufacturing 100,000 tons annually, including 60,000 tons of potash granulation capacity, requires an investment of approximately 2 million yuan. This makes it feasible for large and medium-sized fertilizer companies and agricultural extension departments to produce and distribute. In the U.S., a fertilizer station exists within a 50-kilometer radius of each farm, while in China, entire counties can implement soil testing and fertilization programs. This shift transforms soil testing into a “bag service,” enabling farmers to use “foolproof” technology easily. This approach not only helps reduce chemical fertilizer use and minimize environmental pollution from over-application, but also lowers production costs and improves economic returns. It plays a crucial role in controlling non-point source pollution, enhancing overall agricultural productivity, and promoting resource-efficient farming. This initiative is also a key component of building a conservation-oriented agricultural system. Since the early 1990s, the center has collaborated with Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant and Hainan Fudao Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. to improve the sustained-release performance of large-particle urea. By the end of 1997, this technology had been applied across 6.7 million mu of farmland in Hebei Province, yielding 170 million kg of new grain, 7 million kg of cotton lint, and generating 170 million yuan in added value. After 16 years of research and practical application, the slow-release coated fertilizer has successfully addressed the issue of high-cost sustained release through its unique theoretical framework, product design, and application strategies. It offers a promising solution for arid and semi-arid regions, where crops need to be fertilized just once, providing new ideas for reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency in modern agriculture.

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