When the machine returns to the reference point, the operation is performed separately for each axis, and each axis returns to the extreme position in the positive direction. When a coordinate axis returns to the reference point, the reference point indicator of the axis is on, that is, the reference point return operation is completed. After the machine tool axes complete the reference point return operation, the machine coordinate system is established to prepare the workpiece coordinate system.
Workpiece coordinate system, program origin and tool setting point (starting point) Most CNC machines can establish the workpiece coordinate system after establishing the machine coordinate system. The workpiece coordinate system is used by the programmer during programming. Select a known point on the workpiece as the origin (also called the program origin) and create a new coordinate system called the workpiece coordinate system. Once the workpiece coordinate system is established, it remains in effect until it is replaced by a new workpiece coordinate system.
The program origin should be selected at the reference point of the dimension. For symmetrical parts or parts with concentric circles, the program origin should be selected on the symmetry center line or the center of the circle. The program origin of the Z axis is usually selected on the upper surface of the workpiece.
The tool point is the starting point of the part program machining. The purpose of the tool setting is to determine the position of the origin in the machine coordinate system. The tool point can coincide with the origin. It can also be used at any place where the tool is easy to be used, but the point and the program origin. There must be a definite coordinate connection between them.
The understanding and application of common and easy to confuse instructions CNC milling, machining center tool length compensation command application G43 (or G44) Z_H_ When the tool wears or changes the tool, the tool can be used in the program to compensate for the change of the tool length without having to re Adjust the tool and re-align the tool.
In the format, G43 is the tool length positive compensation, G44 is the tool length negative compensation; Z value is the command value; the compensation value is input by the register specified by H××. As for the situation of using positive compensation and the amount of compensation, it is difficult for students to master and it is easy to make mistakes. If it is emphasized that the G43 is used uniformly, the G44 command is not used. When the tool is set, the compensation value of the standard knife is 0, which is longer than the standard tool. The compensation value is a positive difference, which is a negative difference from the standard knife. For example, the standard cutter length L=150, the second cutter length is L2=158, the execution of G43Z_H02, H02=8; the third cutter length L3=140, the execution of G43Z_H03, H03=-10. The student is easy to understand.
G28X_Z_ (CNC) G28X_Y_Z_ (CNC milling, machining center) application This command is a return reference point command. X, Y, and Z are the coordinates of the intermediate point passing by the tool on the way back to the reference point. It is mainly used for automatic tool change to return to the reference point on the machining center. For the number of cars to change the tool, as long as the tool does not interfere with the workpiece and the machine tool, it is not necessary to return to the reference point to change the tool. It is not necessary to use this command; In the case of manual tool change, it is not necessary to use this command.
G41 (or G42) X_Y_H×× application tool radius compensation command: G41-left compensation, G42-right compensation, H×× compensation function code, the next two digits are the address word of the tool compensation register, and the address stores the compensation value. . When the commands G41 and G42 are executed, the tool center is offset by H×× to specify the compensation value along the contour normal direction of the part. The compensation value can be the radius value of the tool. When H××=R, the processed contour coincides with the contour of the part; when the compensation value is not equal to the radius value, the processed contour does not coincide with the contour of the part, but The workpiece is cut more or less. Therefore, by setting different compensation values, layering processing (roughing, finishing) of the workpiece can be realized.
Application of G92 and G54～G59 X, Y, and Z in G92X_Y_Z_ are the coordinate values ​​of the tool starting point (tool point) relative to the origin of the workpiece coordinate system program. If the program segment is G92X30Y30Z20, the workpiece coordinate system is established. Once the workpiece coordinate system is established, the command value for absolute value programming is the coordinate value in this coordinate system. Execution of this program only establishes the workpiece coordinate system, the tool does not move, it is a non-modal command. If multiple identical parts are machined on the workbench, different program zeros can be set. As shown, six machining coordinate systems G54 to G59 can be established. The coordinate origin (program origin) can be set at a fixed point that is easy to program. The coordinate system thus established is still valid after the system is powered off, and has nothing to do with the current position of the tool. It only needs to be programmed according to the selected coordinate system. The origin of the six predetermined workpiece coordinate systems in the machine coordinate system (workpiece zero offset value) can be input in MDI mode, and the system automatically remembers. For example, G54 tool setting operation: (1) Zero return operation (2) Move the tool to move the tool nose point to the program origin of G54. At this time, the coordinate value displayed on the screen CRT is the coordinate of the workpiece coordinate origin relative to the origin of the machine coordinate system. Value, use GDI (input mode) to input G54 and the coordinate value displayed at this time, and start the G54 knife according to the cycle start. The G55 to G59 tool setting method is the same. However, it must be noted that once G92 is used to set the coordinate system, then G55~G59 will no longer function unless the system is restarted after power failure. If the machine does not return to the origin set by G92 after the program using G92, it will be again. When this program is started, the current position of the machine tool becomes the new workpiece coordinate origin, which is prone to accidents.
Focus on theoretical application and training innovation ability. When planning the teaching of university mathematics, the school must reserve a certain proportion of class hours to open application courses. Only in this way can the training and application awareness of mathematics basic knowledge and the training of application ability inspire and promote each other. The actual problems are full of unpredictable variables, but it is these unknown variables that can inspire students to actively convert perspectives and mobilize all existing knowledge reserves to explore scientific solutions. At the same time, teachers can also divide the class into a number of seminar groups, conduct modeling competitions, and even encourage students to freely form teams, go to the society, and exercise the ability to use mathematical methods to solve practical problems in social practice. In this process of seeking and discovering the law, as well as analyzing and solving problems, students can be encouraged to maximize their brains and even do it themselves. In this way, not only can they stimulate their innovative spirit, but also promote their coordinated development of intelligence and physical fitness and train their innovative ability.
(Finish)
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