Research on Slow-release Fertilizer for Agriculture to Solve the Contradiction between Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Shortage of Resources in China (2)

The coated slow-release primary fertilizer represents a groundbreaking innovation in the traditional blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) model. Centered around nitrogen, this product uses coating materials that exhibit strong adhesion and film-forming properties, applied to the surfaces of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers individually. These coatings form one or more layers on the granules, delivering key benefits such as "controlled nitrogen release, enhanced phosphorus efficiency, and prevention of potassium loss." Unlike conventional slow-release fertilizers that simply mix N, P, and K together, this approach is tailored to the specific nutrient needs of crops, based on soil testing and customized formula fertilization. The result is a more efficient and targeted fertilization strategy, significantly improving fertilizer utilization compared to standard BB products. To further boost fertilizer efficiency, the research team developed a unique coating solution that acts as a carrier for the slow-release technology. This solution enables the membrane formation process under normal temperature and pressure, making it easy to incorporate essential nutrients like micronutrients, humic acid, and fertilizer synergists directly into the coating. This open and flexible system allows for continuous integration of new technologies and products, transforming the fertilizer into a versatile platform—essentially a "permanent new" solution in the industry. In terms of production, the project introduced innovative techniques that support large-scale application. As global fertilizer trends shift toward high-efficiency, compound, specialized, and slow-release products, this coated slow-release fertilizer aligns perfectly with the demand for full-nutrient crop solutions. Designed for mechanized farming, the product features smooth, uniform particles without segregation, moisture absorption, or clumping, making it ideal for automated application. The team also developed advanced fertilization machinery that replaces traditional surface application with deep sowing, reducing the number of applications per season while ensuring balanced nutrition, deep placement, drought resistance, and water conservation. This technology supports standardized agricultural practices and enhances overall productivity. The cost of the coated slow-release fertilizer is only 3% to 5% higher than that of standard mechanical mixing, which translates to an additional 50 to 80 yuan per ton. Its production equipment can be adapted from existing compound fertilizer systems, requiring minimal investment. A 100,000-ton annual production line, including 60,000 tons of potash granulation capacity, costs approximately 2 million yuan. This makes it accessible for medium and large fertilizer companies and agricultural extension agencies to adopt and scale up. In the U.S., a 50-kilometer radius farm often has a dedicated fertilizer station. In China, a county-level soil testing and fertilization program could enable a "bag service" model, allowing farmers to use "fool-proof" technology. This not only helps reduce chemical fertilizer waste and environmental pollution but also lowers production costs and improves economic returns. It plays a crucial role in controlling non-point source pollution, boosting agricultural output, and building a resource-efficient farming system. This initiative is a key component in developing sustainable, conservation-oriented agriculture. Since the early 1990s, the center has collaborated with Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant and Hainan Fudao Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. to enhance the sustained-release performance of large-particle urea. By 1997, over 6.7 million mu of farmland in Hebei had been covered, yielding 170 million kg of grain, 7 million kg of cotton, and generating 170 million yuan in added value. After 16 years of research and practical application, the slow-release coated fertilizer has overcome the high-cost bottleneck through its unique theory, product design, and application methods. It has brought about significant changes in arid and semi-arid regions, where crops only need to be fertilized once. This offers fresh insights into promoting fertilizer reduction, efficiency improvement, and the development of modern agriculture.

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