Recently, TU Wien researchers in Austria developed a method of making permanent magnets using 3D printers. This method allows the 3D printing technique to be used to print a magnet with precisely controlled magnetic fields. At the same time the method is particularly suitable for magnetic sensors and other devices.
However, so far, 3D printers have struggled to create true, accurate 3D printed magnets. In order to control the magnetic field of the magnet, the magnet must have a complex geometry. This shape can be designed using CAD software, but making the actual 3D print is still quite difficult.
"The strength of the magnetic field is not the only factor." Dieter Suss, head of TU Wien's Advanced Magnetoresistive and Magnetic Materials Laboratory, states: "We often need special magnetic fields that are aligned in a very specific way, for example in a relatively constant direction But in the other direction the intensity of the magnetic field changes. "
The traditional way of producing such magnets is through the use of injection molding techniques, the process principle of which is to inject the material into an inverted mold of a shape similar to the desired object. However, creating the mold itself is a time-consuming process and the economic cost is too high.
Over time, 3D printing has replaced traditional injection molding processes in many applications, and magnet 3D printing is a good testimony. TU Wien researchers have now succeeded in creating 3D printed magnets using the Builder 3D printer and a specialty polymer magnetic particle containing magnetic microparticles.
The first phase of printing a magnetic object is to print the object in the specified geometry using a digital 3D model. The same as the traditional 3D printing process layer-by-layer printing, but for printing 3D printed materials from about 90% of the magnetic material and 10% of the plastic composition. However, the print shape is just the beginning. Since 3D printed objects are made of particles in an unmagnetized state, the object itself is not magnetic.
Once 3D printing is complete, it needs to be exposed to a strong external magnetic field. This magnetic field converts 3D printed objects to permanent magnets. "This method allows us to handle a wide variety of magnetic materials, such as neodymium-iron magnets that are exceptionally magnetically strong." DieterSuss states: "The magnet design created with a computer now makes it fast and accurate to measure centimeters to decimeters with an accuracy of 1 Mm 3D printing. "
Fast and Cost-Effective New Magnets 3D printing offers scientists the possibility to research new products, including the use of different materials within a single magnet to create a smooth transition between strong and weak magnets. "Now we'll keep testing and keep developing to bring more unexpected new products," Suss said.
It is reported that, on the research results, the researchers have published in the "Applied Physics Letters" (Applied Physics Letters) journals, entitled "3D print of polymer bondedrare-earth magnets, and 3D magnetic field scanning with an end-user 3D printer ".
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