2009 National iron ore output reached 88 0,171,400 t, an increase of 8.92%, an increase of the previous year dropped by nearly 12 percentage points. Hebei Province is a major province of iron ore resources, and iron ore production has been ranked first in the country since 1997. In 2009, the total output of iron ore in Hebei Province was 35,789.47 million tons, down 0.61% year-on-year, accounting for 40.66% of the national total. The proportion decreased by 3.9 percentage points year-on-year, but still ranked first in the country. In 2009, China imported 268 million tons of iron ore, an increase of 41.48% over the same period of last year, and the foreign dependence reached 69%. 8 Hebei imported iron ore 2,755,500 t, an increase of 60.59%, the amount of gold imports $ 6.618 billion, down 4.86 percent year on year, the proportion of the province's total imports was 47.5%, down from the previous year 0.8 percentage points.
In recent years, the strong demand for iron ore has stimulated the development of iron ore in Hebei Province, resulting in tight iron ore resources, and some medium and low grade iron ore (such as ultra-poor magnetite) has also been put into development. However, a considerable proportion of the hard-to-use iron ore in Hebei's rich iron ore resources has not been effectively developed. Finding out the difficulty of using iron ore resources and strengthening its research on development and utilization will help reduce the dependence on foreign iron ore products and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the steel industry.
I. Status of iron ore resources in Hebei Province
(1) Iron ore reserves, basic reserves and resources
Iron ore is a dominant mineral in Hebei Province, with abundant resources and complete types. By the end of 2007, Hebei Province had identified a total of 8.543 billion tons of iron ore resources and identified 7.249 billion tons of resources. Among them, the basic reserves of 4.240 billion tons, the resources of 3.179 billion tons. 246 iron ore producing areas have been surveyed (referred to as approved by the National Reserve Management Department). Among them, there are 11 large ones, 99 medium-sized ones and 136 small ones. Iron ore found that the reserves of resources accounted for 11.82% of the country, ranking the third in the country; the basic reserves and resources accounted for 18.96% and 8.16% of the country, ranking second and fifth.
At present, the supply of iron ore can only meet about 60% of industrial demand, and due to the rapid consumption of reserves in recent years, the resource guarantee period has been shortened to 10-15a.
(2) Iron ore type and distribution
Hebei Province has a complete range of iron ore resources, and the types of iron deposits that have been identified at present are mainly sedimentary metamorphic iron ore (Anshan type), contact metasomatic iron ore (邯邢å¼), magmatic rock type iron ore (大庙å¼) ), sedimentary iron ore (Xuanlong), followed by a small amount of hydrothermal and other types of iron ore. The proportion of accumulated reserves of different types of iron ore is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Proportion of accumulated reserves of different types of iron ore
1-sedimentary metamorphism (Anshan type), accounting for 81.65%; 2-hydrothermal type and other types, 0.20%;
3-sedimentary type (Xuanlong type), 4.27%; 4-magmatic rock type (大庙å¼), 3.11%;
5-contact metamorphic type (邯邢å¼), 10.77%
1. Deposition of metamorphic iron ore. It is mainly distributed in Tangshan City, Qinhuangdao City, and some counties in Chengde City, Xingtai, Shijiazhuang and Baoding. There are 125 production sites on the upper scale, and the accumulated reserves of the resources are 6.975 billion tons, accounting for 81.65% of the province's identified resource reserves; the reserves of retained resources are 6.144 billion tons. The scale of the deposit is mainly large and medium-sized, with shallow burial. The total iron grade of ore is between 25% and 33%, which is easy to select. The ore recovery rate of most deposits is 85%, and the concentrate grade can reach more than 65%.
2. Contact with metasomatic iron ore. It is mainly distributed in Wu'an, Shexian, Xingtai City, Shahe, and Wuyuan, Yixian, and Zhangyuankou, Yangyuan, and other places in Baoding City. At the place of origin 91, the accumulated resource reserves were 920 million tons, accounting for 10.77% of the province's identified resource reserves; the reserves of retained resources were 589 million tons. The shape of the ore body is complex and deep buried. The grade of this type of iron ore is relatively high, the grade of iron is 40% to 50%, the beneficiation performance is good, the recovery rate is generally 85% to 92%, and the concentrate grade is more than 65%. It is a self-melting-semi-self-fluxing ore, but the deposit size is small.
3. Magma-type iron ore. Mainly distributed in Chengde area. At the place of origin 10, the accumulated resource reserves were 166 million tons, accounting for 3.11% of the province's identified resource reserves; the reserves of retained resources were 209 million tons. The ore is vanadium- titanium magnetite, the total iron grade is 25% to 35%, the harmful component phosphorus content is more than 0.35%, the iron silicate content is high, the beneficiation performance is general, the recovery rate is 66% to 70%, and the concentrate grade 60% ~ 62%, associated vanadium, titanium can be comprehensively recycled.
4. Sedimentary iron ore. It is mainly distributed in Xuanhua, Chicheng, Huailai and other places in Zhangjiakou City. At the 17 places of production, the accumulated resource reserves were 365 million tons, accounting for 4.27% of the province's identified resource reserves; the reserves of retained resources were 196 million tons. Hard to choose.
5. Hydrothermal type and other types of iron ore. At the three places of production, the accumulated resource reserves were found to be 0.17 billion tons. It only accounts for 0.2% of the province's identified resource reserves. The reserve of reserves is 0.11 billion tons.
(3) Super lean magnetite
In 2005, the Department of Land and Resources of Hebei Province specially formulated the Technical Regulations for Exploration of Super-poor Magnetites (Provisional), which can “develop and utilize the current boundary conditions of the iron ore geological exploration standardâ€. The iron-bearing rocks are collectively referred to as "super lean magnetites" and the grade of ore TFe is less than 20%. The amount of super-poor magnetite predicted and under development as of 2005 is 7-10 billion tons. In recent years, Chengde, Handan City, Yongnian and other places have discovered ultra-poor magnetite with large reserves.
Ultra-poor magnetite is a deep-intrusive deposit that is mostly basic and ultra-basic. It is easily weathered in the surface environment, and the rock mass is the ore body. It is easy to collect, brittle, easy to grind and easy to select. The characteristics are suitable for large-scale mechanized operations, and the cost of ore mining is low.
There are three main genetic types in the ultra-poor magnetite mines that have been discovered and under development in Hebei Province.
1. Ultra-basic rock type super-poor magnetite. It is mainly distributed in Chengde City, Zhangjiakou City and Qinhuangdao City. Its ore body is produced in the deep-based basic-ultrabasic complex. It is affected by Shangyi-Chicheng-Pingquan, Fengning-Longhua and Shanghuangqi in the north of Hebei Province. - Control of Wulonggou, Miyun-Xibeikou, Jixian-Qinglong deep fault or secondary fault structure. This type of super-poor magnetite is the main genetic type of super-poor magnetite in Hebei Province. The natural types of ore are mainly pyroxenite, amphibolite , pyroxene amphibolite, and hornblende rock. diopside rock type, mineral composed mainly of pyroxene, hornblende, olivine (small) other dark minerals, followed by plagioclase, magnetite, apatite. The ore-forming parent rock of this type is generally larger in scale and the scale of the deposit is also large. The elements such as V, Ti, and P can be comprehensively utilized.
2. Basic rock type super lean magnetite. It is mainly distributed in the basic heterogeneous rock mass in Chengde County and Fuping County of Chengde City. It is also scattered in the Yuanshi-Zanhuang-Zhejiang area of ​​Shijiazhuang City. Its ore-forming parent rocks are gabbro and Suchangyan. The main minerals are Basic plagioclase, secondary minerals are ordinary pyroxene, perilla pyroxene, hornblende, and secondary minerals are magnetite, ilmenite, rutile and corundum . The genesis and output temporal and spatial characteristics of the basic rock type super-poor magnetite in Chengde City are basically the same as those of the ultra-basic rock type super-poor magnetite. This type of super-poor magnetite ore grade TFe 12% ~ 20%, MFe 5% ~ 12%.
3. Sedimentary metamorphic rock type super-poor magnetite. It is widely distributed in the ancient metamorphic rock strata in the Taihang Mountain area and the Yanshan area. Chongli County, which has been discovered and exploited in Zhangjiakou, Wuyuan County and Luanping County in Baoding, Lingshou County and Xingtang County in Shijiazhuang Pingshan County, Zanhuang County, Lincheng County and Xingtai County of Xingtai. The sedimentary metamorphic rock type super-poor magnetite in Chongli County of Zhangjiakou is located in the metamorphic stratigraphic strata of the Songhegou Formation of the Sanggan Group in the Archean. The lithology is mainly slanted gneiss and black cloud slant gneiss. The ore body generally has a layered shape, a large lenticular body shape and a lens shape. Due to the influence of topography and structure, the reserves of mineral resources are generally below 10 million tons. The content of useful elements is less than 20% TFe, MFe is 6% to 12%, and the content of S and P is low. There are no other beneficial elements that can be comprehensively utilized.
There are two sub-categories of sedimentary metamorphic rock type super-poor magnetite distributed in the Taihang Mountains. In the metamorphic stratigraphic strata of the Taiping Qu Formation group and the Nanying Formation, the general mining conditions are not good and the deposit size is small. The other sub-category is the Gantaohe group in the Early Proterozoic The super-poor magnetite in the sedimentary granulite strata of the lower Nansi Formation has a useful element content of about 15% TFe and about 8% of MFe.
Second, the status quo of iron ore resources development and supply and demand situation
Since 2000, Hebei's steel output has grown at an average annual rate of 42%. By the end of 2007, the province had utilized 177 iron ore districts and owned 202 steel enterprises. Now it has formed Tangshan Iron and Steel, Handan Iron and Steel, Shigang, Xinggang, Chenggang, Xuanhua Steel and Xinxing Casting Pipes. State-owned steel enterprises and a new pattern of joint development of state-owned and private enterprises including private enterprises such as Jinxi, Jianlong, Guofeng, Baoye, Delong, Puyang and Wenfeng, pig iron production 10 484 10,000 tons, steel output reached 107.06 million tons, steel 104.75 million tons, steel production has been ranked first in the country for seven consecutive years.
In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between the demand for iron ore and the shortage of reserve resources, Hebei Province has carried out large-scale development and utilization of iron-bearing rocks. According to incomplete statistics, since 2000, the production capacity of super-poor magnetites in Hebei Province has reached more than 200 million tons, and the annual production of iron concentrates is more than 30 million tons. In 2007, the production capacity of ultra-poor magnetite mining is estimated to exceed 200 million tons. According to a survey of the production costs of 26 super-poor magnetite mining companies in 2005, the production cost of tons of concentrates is between 200 and 400 yuan.
Under the conditions of high market price of iron ore products in the first half of 2008, iron ore output still maintained a strong growth momentum, and enterprises have higher profit margins. Since the financial crisis, a considerable number of steel and iron ore production capacity has been closed or reduced. . In 2008, the output of iron ore in Hebei was 38,10,721,100 tons; in 2009, the output of iron ore in Hebei was 35,789,000 tons, still ranking first in the country, and imported iron ore was 82,755,500 tons. At present, the use of imported iron ore in Hebei Province has reached about half of the total use.
3. Typical complex and difficult to use iron mines in Hebei Province
The difficult to use iron ore mines in Hebei Province can be divided into two cases: complex mining technical conditions and complex mineral processing technical conditions.
(1) Difficult to use mines with complicated mining technical conditions
Typical mines in this category include Sijiaying-South District Iron Mine, Jixian County-Dajiazhuang Iron Mine, Jixian Changyu Iron Mine, Yinxian Iron Mine in Luan County, and Macheng Iron Mine in Luannan County. Zhongguan Iron Mine in Shahe City, Baiji Iron Mine in Shahe City, and Huyu Southeast Iron Mine in Wu'an City.
1. Sijiaying-Southern District Iron Mine is an “Anshan-type†large-scale sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. The on- and off-balance sheet reserves totaled 106 94.81 million tons. It is magnetite, hematite or mixed ore; the ore contains TFe 30.79%, S0.15%, P 0.055%; the ore body is buried at 0-160m, and can be open-ground mining. The mega-flood was once flooded by the mining area. The mining area is flat and the drainage conditions are poor. According to the geological report, the hydrogeological conditions in the mining area are complex and the amount of water in the pit is large. Mining has a significant impact on the Quaternary pore water environment in the region.
2. Sijiaying-Dajiazhuang Iron Mine of Jixian County. The Sijiaying-Dajazhuang Iron Mine is an “Anshan-type†large-scale sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit, which is adjacent to the Sijiaying-Southern District Iron Mine and is actually the West Belt of the Sijiaying-Southern Area Iron Mine. The two ore belts are basically parallel, with a spacing of 1200-2000m. The on- and off-balance sheet reserves totaled 38,068.9 million tons. It is magnetite; the ore contains TFe 31.24%; the ore body has a depth of 50-500 m, which can be open-pit mining; the ore can be obtained by magnetic separation with a grade of 66.62% and a recovery rate of 80%. The Sijiaying-Dajizhuang Iron Ore Mine in Jixian County covers an area of ​​15 km2, and its mining technical conditions are the same as those of the Sijiaying-Southern District Iron Mine.
3. Changyu Iron Mine in Jixian County. The ore body is produced in the Paleozoic strata of the Baimiaozi Formation (Arb) of the Taitazi Group in the Archean Period. It is a sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. The approved (333) level resource reserves are 98.885 million tons. The mining area is located on the south side of the Sijiaying North District and is the same hydrogeological unit as the Sijiaying Mining Area. The ore body is buried under the quaternary system with an average thickness of 85 m. The mining technical conditions are more complicated. At present, Hebei Sakura Mining Co., Ltd. is preparing for the mining and selection project of Changyu Iron Mine. The project selected 2.6 million t/a of ore, and the ore mining grade TFe 24.77%. The final product is a single iron concentrate with a grade of TFe 66%, with an annual output of 766,200 tons. The construction period of the project is 3.5 a and the service period is 22 a.
4. Yinxian Iron Mine in Jixian County. The mining area is connected to the northwestern edge of the north area of ​​Sijiaying Iron Mine. The geographical coordinates are 118°44'25" east longitude, 39°41'55" north latitude, and the area is 2.46 km 2 . The approved ore reserves are C+D grade 5 06.04 million tons, and the average grade of ore is 30. 510/0. The water-rich degree and water conductivity of the large faults in the mining area are related to the scale of the structural fracture zone. Once the groundwater balance is broken, it can play a role in communicating the groundwater pathway, which is not conducive to mining.
5. Macheng Iron Mine in Tongnan County. The mining area is located in the town of Ma20, NE20, Yinan County. The geographical coordinates are 118°47'30"~118°50'00" east longitude and 39°35'30"~39°39'15" north latitude. The estimated iron ore resource is 79.132 million tons, and the average grade is TFe 34.180/0. The mining area is located on the east side of the Sijiaying mining area and belongs to a hydrogeological unit. The hydrogeological conditions are complex and the mining technical conditions are similar.
6. Zhongguan Iron Mine in Shahe City. Skarn mine deposits, ore produced in - and the vicinity thereof in contact with the belt Ordovician limestone basic body diorite. The ore body is buried more than 300 m deep and is a concealed ore body. The approved in-table resource reserves of B+C+D are 9 249.75 million tons. The average grade of ore is 45.14%. The deposit has a large depth and complicated hydrogeological conditions. The Handan Iron and Steel Group plans to use the curtain grouting scheme to mine the ore body, and the curtain grouting project is currently being implemented.
7. Shahe City Baiyu Iron Mine. The Baiji mining area is a skarn-type cryptic iron deposit with deep burial, large scale and high grade. The ore body is produced on the contact zone of the Upper Majiagou Formation (O 2 S) limestone and rock mass in the Middle Ordovician. The ore body is buried at a depth of 600 to 900 m. The approved D-class reserves in the iron ore table were 32,451,700 tons. The average grade TFe is 47.06%. The hydrogeological conditions of the mining area are complex and it is a typical deep, water and miscellaneous mine.
8. Wu'an City Huyu Southeast Iron Mine. For the skarn-type secondary iron deposit, the ore body is present in the Ordovician limestone and diorite contact zone, and the ore body is lenticularly produced. By the end of 2007, the mine had accumulated a total of 2,188,000 tons of resource reserves (2S22). The average grade of ore body is TFe40.06%, Co 0.002 7%, P 0.028%, S 1.597%. The natural types of ore are divided according to structural structure, mainly dense block-shaped, disseminated magnetite, and the type of ore industry is iron ore. The magnetic separation process can be used to recover iron. The ore body is buried deep (741.59 ~ 933. 36m), and the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area are complex.
(2) Difficult to use mines with complex mineral processing technical conditions
This type of mine is represented by sedimentary iron deposits and sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits formed by Early Proterozoic. Typical mines are widely distributed in the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua area and produced in the Heicheng strata and distributed in the Qinhuangdao area. Qinglong County Yulanzhangzi magnetite deposit.
1. Sedimentary iron deposits. By the end of 2007, there were 17 sedimentary iron deposits in Hebei Province, with a total of 365 million tons of resource reserves and 196 million tons of reserves. The natural type of ore is quartz hematite, the ore hardness is relatively large, and the total iron geological grade is 38% to 45%, which is difficult to select. This type of deposit is distributed in the Zhang and Xuan areas and is produced in the Mesozoic Paleozoic Great Wall series, which is a shallow marine facies sedimentary structure. The ore body is produced in layers. The thickness of the ore body is generally 0.5 to 4 m, and the thickness is up to 5.9 m. The inclination of the ore body is relatively slow, generally 15 to 30 degrees. The buried depth of the ore body is generally 0 to 300 m (exploration depth).
The sedimentary iron deposits are mainly hematite, and the ore dressing performance is not good. The ore dressing test and production practice of several key mineral deposits show that the recovery rate of mineral processing by general gravity beneficiation process is difficult to reach 60%, and the iron concentrate grade is only The TFe is about 55%; the recovery rate by roasting magnetic separation can reach 80%-90%%, but the iron concentrate grade can only reach TFe57.50%.
For many years, this type of deposit has only been mined in small quantities, and its sales are mainly in cement plants, which are used as cement ingredients.
The Huayukou iron ore mine in Huailai County is a Xuanlong-type sedimentary iron deposit, mainly magnetite, followed by hematite, with a resource reserve of 35.686 million tons, ore containing TFe 37.41% and SiO 2 36.5%. S 0.615%, P0.339%, difficult to choose.
The Yanchangshan iron ore mine in Xuanhua County is a Xuanlong-type sedimentary iron deposit, hematite or siderite ore, with a resource reserve of 36.76 million tons, ore containing TFe 45%, SiO 2 20%, TiO 2 0.153%, V 2 O 5 0.035%, S0.024%, P 0.184%, semi-industrial test by roasting magnetic separation, difficult to choose.
The Pangjiabao iron deposit in Xiahuayuan District of Zhangjiakou City is a Xuanlong-type sedimentary iron deposit, hematite and magnetite. The resource reserves are 552.22 million tons, the ore contains 45% TFe, SiO 2 18%, S 0.1%, P. 0.2%, after magnetic separation-reverse flotation test, difficult to choose.
2. Sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits. Most of the sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits in Hebei Province are produced in the Paleozoic gneiss strata. Due to the coarse metamorphism, the ore minerals have coarser grain size and are easy to be ground. Only the Qinglan County Yulanzhangzi Iron Mine and the Qinglong County Miaogou Iron Mine are produced in the Early Paleozoic granulite series. This type of iron ore bed type is magnetite, but it is difficult to grind due to the too small grain size of the magnet mineral. Both mines are mines that have been developed and utilized.
The Miaogou iron ore mine in Qinglong County is relatively easy to select. The fineness of ore grinding is -200 mesh greater than 70%, and the ore recovery rate is 82.0%, but the concentrate grade is lower, which can only reach 63.90%. By the end of 2007, the mine had identified a total of 509.81 million tons of resource reserves, maintaining a reserve of 39.184 million tons, and an average grade of ore of 30.81%.
In the Qinglong County, the Liezhangzi iron ore, the ore of the magnetite in the ore is finer and difficult to sort. The laboratory test showed that the ore grade of the ore was 28.13%, the concentrate grade was 61.32%, and the ore recovery rate was only 51.00%. In the market conditions in which iron ore products have been operating at high prices in recent years, the mine was built and put into operation in 2005, and open-pit mining has a production capacity of 2.5 million t/a. The concentrate grade TFe is 60.50%, and the ore recovery rate is about 55%. By the end of 2007, the mine had identified a total of 162.3 million tons of resource reserves, with a reserve of 165.75 million tons of resources and an average grade of ore of 29.6%.
Sijiaying Iron Mine is a super large-scale metamorphic iron-silica-built iron ore that was submitted by the 15th Geological Brigade of the former Geological Bureau of Hebei Province, and submitted a total of 2.4 billion tons of reserves. The mine is divided into the southern area (the southern section, the Dajazhuang section) and the northern part. There are 8 ore bodies in the whole area (3 main ore bodies), and the average ore grade is 30.52%, mainly magnetite ore ( It accounts for 85.9% of the total reserves, followed by hematite ore. Sijiaying Iron Mine is currently under development in three phases. The first phase of the construction of the Tangjiaying Iron Mine in Tangshan County, Tangshan County, is located in Jixian County, Tangshan City, and the development of the II and III mining sites in the North District. It was completed and put into operation in October 2007. The total investment of the project is 1.927 billion yuan, and the annual output of iron concentrate powder is 2.54 million tons. After the completion of the second and third phases, it will reach an annual production capacity of 37 million tons of iron ore and 12.5 million tons of iron concentrate powder, and its production capacity will leap to the forefront of the country and even to Asia. However, after the first phase of production, due to the high degree of oxidation in the deep part of the deposit, the recovery rate of the ore was not up to standard.
3. Other types of iron deposits. The refractory iron ore in Hebei Province also has a hydrothermal filling iron deposit. There is only one mineral deposit, which is the 18th iron ore mine in Fengning County. The natural type of ore is hematite ore. As of the end of 2007, the accumulated resource reserves were only 544,000 tons, and the average grade of ore was 45.54%. Not exploited.
4. Suggestions for the development and utilization of complex and difficult iron ore resources in Hebei Province
(1) Strengthening the difficult use of iron ore development technology to improve the utilization of resources. Relying on scientific and technological progress is the key to realizing the conservation and efficient use of mineral resources. Among the proven iron ore reserves in Hebei Province, the hard-to-use reserves exceed 3 billion tons, accounting for more than 2/5, and some of the iron ore reserves exceed 100 million tons, such as the Sijiaying iron ore. Therefore, the government should increase investment in science and technology, organize cooperation between industry, academia and research to break through the development and utilization technologies of hard-to-select and difficult iron ore.
According to the difficulty of mining iron ore resources in Hebei Province, the characteristics of rich and poor mines, and the complex characteristics of utilization and utilization, we should pay attention to the research of major technical measures for resource development, such as the development of safe and efficient mining integrated technology for ore bodies under complex hydrological conditions, and improve mineral resources. Resource extraction rate; strengthen high-efficiency sorting technology innovation research, improve the recovery rate of symbiotic ore, medium and low grade ore and refractory ore, especially fine-grained red iron ore, magnetite and siderite, limonite, composite Mineral processing technologies such as iron ore, polymetallic symbiotic iron ore, stellite hematite and vanadium ilmenite, such as selective flocculation-reverse flotation combined process, multi-stage cyclosynchronous magnetization roasting process, energy-saving fine grinding process, fine The particle sorting process, research and development of high-efficiency reverse flotation reagents, flocculants, and the development and application of high-quality iron concentrate production technologies, such as magnetic sieves, magnetic separation columns, reverse flotation (including flotation columns), Direct reduction iron process, etc.
(2) Moderate scale development. Difficult to use iron ore requires high development and utilization of technical qualifications and strong economic capital. With the rapid development of China and Hebei's steel industry in recent years, especially before the 2008 financial crisis, almost all domestic steel producers have experienced a shortage of iron concentrate, which has stimulated iron ore development and existing iron ore enterprises. Constantly expanding the scale of production, many private capitals and small enterprises have been involved in iron ore development, forming a development momentum of state-owned and private enterprises. However, there are fewer large and medium-sized enterprises in the iron and steel industry in Hebei Province, and there are many small private enterprises. The scattered and small scale of enterprises inevitably bring about problems such as resource disputes, management can not keep up, technical level is difficult to improve, and repeated construction, which affects the rational use of resources. Under the impact of the financial crisis, large and medium-sized iron ore enterprises are still able to cut production and tap the potential to maintain operations. Many small iron ore enterprises only stop, leaving a lot of social and environmental problems.
The macro-control and development management of iron ore enterprises should be strengthened, sustainable industrial development plans should be formulated, and the industrial structure should be fully optimized. Support and guide large mining groups and small and medium-sized miners to be underwritten by equity, mining rights, assets, technology and products by abandoning small selection, abandoning weak and strengthening, small and small alliances, mining and mining, mining and mining, and asset restructuring. Cooperate in various ways to reorganize the mineral resources and production factors and mineral production factors of mining enterprises according to law, and gradually form large-scale backbone mining groups, reduce the number of enterprises, expand the scale of production, and take the road of scale operation; Adjust the development model of iron ore mining and dressing industry, strengthen the intensive development based on improving the production technology level of enterprises, and improve the intensification level of the industry.
(3) Pay attention to the environmental protection problems in the difficult development of iron ore development. Due to the complicated hydrological conditions of iron ore, which are difficult to use, the mining activities have a great impact on the geological environment and water system in the surrounding area. The quality of the difficult-to-smelt iron ore resources is generally low, especially in the ultra-poor magnetite mines in Hebei Province. The mining volume is large, the land occupation pressure and environmental damage are serious, and the beneficiation ratio is large (some super-poor magnetite ore dressing ratio even exceeds 10), which also brings a large amount of tailings, a large demand for tailings ponds, and a tailings pond area. Problems such as pollution and safety are outstanding. The excessive water consumption of super-poor magnetite ore dressing will also cause the local groundwater level to drop, bringing resources to the local industry, agriculture and even domestic water. Mineral processing tailings water may also contaminate surface water bodies, destroying local and even downstream hydrological and ecological environments.
Therefore, in accordance with the policy of “who protects, who destroys, who governs†and “protects in development and develops in protectionâ€, it is necessary to strengthen the management of ecological environment and the evaluation and prevention of geological disasters in the mining area, and strictly control the ecological environment. The mining, selection, tailing and environmental protection treatment works of the mine must be designed and constructed at the same time; actively promote the “three wastes†resource and mineral mining in the mine to harm the surrounding environment, mine development, mountain reclamation and greening, tail The mines cover the soil and green, and realize the coordinated development of mining, environment and society. As a major source of danger, the tailings pond should be specially evaluated and monitored. For the dangerous and dangerous reservoirs, measures should be taken to prevent major production safety and public safety accidents.
(4) Strengthening the protection of hard-to-use iron ore resources. Difficult-selected iron ore mines (including iron ore that contain harmful impurities, complex symbiosis, ultra-fine and difficult to obtain qualified iron concentrates), and iron ore that is difficult to use economically (such as difficult-to-eat iron ore) Iron ore with high cost of mineral processing and smelting, such as ultra-poor and low-grade, and iron ore with difficulty in comprehensive utilization (a typical mine with a large value of associated components), such as Sijiaying-Southern District Iron Mine, Jixian County Jiaying-Dajazhuang Iron Mine, Jixian Changyu Iron Mine, Yinxian Yinyu Iron Mine, Yinan County Macheng Iron Mine and 18 Iron Mines, etc., to find out resources to protect and actively carry out technology Research is waiting for future development.
We must protect the low-grade iron ore resources, including super-poor magnetite, and develop them carefully. From 2007 to the first half of 2008, due to the high price of iron ore, many low-grade iron ore resources in the country have been put into development, and even river sands and rocks with slightly higher iron content have been illegally mined, resulting in resource destruction and adverse environmental impact. For example, the ultra-poor magnetite resources with a grade below 10% in Hebei Province have been competing for development and utilization, resulting in serious damage to the mountain and landforms. A large number of tailings are discharged at will, and the environmental cost is quite heavy. Such exhaustion and fishing are not responsible for future generations, and are not conducive to the coordinated and sustainable development of the steel industry and the national economy. The ultra-poor magnetite mining area should do a good overall plan for the development of ultra-poor magnetite and environmental protection and environmental protection, comprehensively evaluate the local water, electricity resources, and ecological environment to withstand the development of super-poor magnetite, and plan to develop super-poor Magnetite resources.
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